Conflict dynamics, political-economy, and natural resources in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review on the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) highlights significant socio-economic factors driving conflict, including poverty, land disputes, and resource competition.

Despite economic progress since the peace agreement, BARMM remains one of the poorest regions in the Philippines. Land issues, such as clan rivalries and unresolved ownership, exacerbate conflicts. Mineral resources like gold and nickel are underexploited due to historic conflicts, corruption, and environmental concerns. Governance challenges and delayed peace process implementation further complicate stability and development.