Population ethics, especially in relation to climate change, is a very complicated and sensitive area with ongoing debates, and it is important to bear this in mind during this report. There still remains some foundational questions in population ethics, which concerns how we should evaluate future scenarios in which the number of people, their welfare, and their identities may vary (Bowman & Berndt Rasmussen, 2020). There are also climate justice issues in relation to population change and climate change, which concerns the just distribution of the burdens and benefits of climate change and climate policy, both intra- and intergenerationally.